These were often located far from their traditional homelands in present-day Oklahoma, North Dakota, and South Dakota believed to be unsuitable for farming or settlement. government forced many of them to move to reservations, which are lands reserved for Native Americans. Once these tribes lost their main source of food, the U.S. By the 1880s these newcomers had hunted the bison almost to extinction. Plains tribes didn’t hunt more bison than they needed to survive, so the population of these animals remained stable-that is, until European settlers arrived. The Caddo (CAD-oh) performed the Turkey Dance, which celebrated the return of warriors from battle and several tribes performed the Sun Dance, in which dancers prayed for spiritual healing and the welfare of their communities. The Cheyenne (SHY-an) performed the Animal Dance, meant to send luck to hunters so they would bring back enough food for the tribe. They also shared a tradition of dance: Different tribes practiced ceremonial dances. For instance, at one point, the powerful Comanche tribe had more than 40,000 people.īecause the Plains tribes were spread across so much land, they spoke many different languages-so they developed a single sign language for people of all tribes to communicate with. Groups such as the Blackfeet, Sioux (pronounced SOO), and Comanche (pronounced kuh-MAN-chee) became master riders and warriors, and they controlled huge hunting grounds that supported thousands of members.
In the mid-1700s, Plains tribes started riding horses that had been brought over from Europe.
(The Wichita people and a few other Plains tribes stayed in one place to farm the land, living in beehive-shaped houses made of grass.) These groups needed homes that could be quickly taken down and rebuilt again, so they lived in tent-like structures made of buffalo skins called tepees.
Many tribes, including the Crow and Arapaho (pronounced uh-RAH-puh-hoh), survived by following bison herds as they migrated from place to place.
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